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Baltimore (/ˈbɔːltɪmɔːr/ BAWL-tim-or, locally: /bɔːldəˈmɔːr/ bawl-da-MOR or /ˈbɔːlmər/ BAWL-mər) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland, fourth most populous city in the Mid-Atlantic, and the 30th most populous city in the United States with a population of 585,708 in 2020. Baltimore was designated an independent city by the Constitution of Maryland[a] in 1851, and today is the most populous independent city in the United States. As of 2021, the population of the Baltimore metropolitan area was estimated to be 2,838,327, making it the 20th largest metropolitan area in the country. Baltimore is located about 40 miles (64 km) north northeast of Washington, D.C., making it a principal city in the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area (CSA), the third-largest CSA in the nation, with a 2021 estimated population of 9,946,526.

Prior to European colonization, the Baltimore region was used as hunting grounds by the Susquehannock Native Americans, who were primarily settled further northwest than where the city was later built. Colonists from the Province of Maryland established the Port of Baltimore in 1706 to support the tobacco trade with Europe, and established the Town of Baltimore in 1729. The first printing press and newspapers were introduced to Baltimore by Nicholas Hasselbach and William Goddard respectively, in the mid-18th century.

The Battle of Baltimore was a pivotal engagement during the War of 1812, culminating in the failed British bombardment of Fort McHenry, during which Francis Scott Key wrote a poem that would become "The Star-Spangled Banner", which was eventually designated as the American national anthem in 1931. During the Pratt Street Riot of 1861, the city was the site of some of the earliest violence associated with the American Civil War.

Shangqiu, referred to as "Shang", is a prefecture-level city in Henan Province. Shangqiu lies between 114 °49 & # 39 in east longitude and 116 °39 & # 39 in latitude, and 33 °43 & # 39 in north latitude. It spans 168 kilometers from east to west, 128 kilometers from north to south, east to Huaibei of Anhui and Xuzhou of Jiangsu, west to Kaifeng of Henan, Zhoukou of Henan and Bozhou of Anhui, and Heze and Jining of Shandong to the north. Shangqiu City area accounts for about 6.4% of the total area of Henan Province, with an area of 10704 square kilometers. According to the characteristics of its genesis and morphological types, the geomorphology of Shangqiu City can be divided into three types: the Yellow River alluvial plain, the Huaihe alluvial plain and the denuded residual hills. Shangqiu City has a warm temperate continental monsoon climate. Shangqiu City belongs to the Huaihe River Basin and belongs to flood.
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