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Baltimore (/ˈbɔːltɪmɔːr/ BAWL-tim-or, locally: /bɔːldəˈmɔːr/ bawl-da-MOR or /ˈbɔːlmər/ BAWL-mər) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland, fourth most populous city in the Mid-Atlantic, and the 30th most populous city in the United States with a population of 585,708 in 2020. Baltimore was designated an independent city by the Constitution of Maryland[a] in 1851, and today is the most populous independent city in the United States. As of 2021, the population of the Baltimore metropolitan area was estimated to be 2,838,327, making it the 20th largest metropolitan area in the country. Baltimore is located about 40 miles (64 km) north northeast of Washington, D.C., making it a principal city in the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area (CSA), the third-largest CSA in the nation, with a 2021 estimated population of 9,946,526.

Prior to European colonization, the Baltimore region was used as hunting grounds by the Susquehannock Native Americans, who were primarily settled further northwest than where the city was later built. Colonists from the Province of Maryland established the Port of Baltimore in 1706 to support the tobacco trade with Europe, and established the Town of Baltimore in 1729. The first printing press and newspapers were introduced to Baltimore by Nicholas Hasselbach and William Goddard respectively, in the mid-18th century.

The Battle of Baltimore was a pivotal engagement during the War of 1812, culminating in the failed British bombardment of Fort McHenry, during which Francis Scott Key wrote a poem that would become "The Star-Spangled Banner", which was eventually designated as the American national anthem in 1931. During the Pratt Street Riot of 1861, the city was the site of some of the earliest violence associated with the American Civil War.

Shangluo City, a prefecture-level city in Shaanxi Province, is located in the southeast of Shaanxi Province, at the southern foot of Qinling Mountains, on the border with Hubei and Henan provinces. It borders Lingbao, Lushi, Xixia and Xichuan counties and cities in Henan Province in the east; Yunyang District and Yunxi County in Shiyan City in Hubei Province in the south; Hanbin District, Ningshan and Xunyang in Ankang City, Shaanxi Province, and Chang'an District and Lantian County in Xi'an City in the west and southwest; and Tongguan, Huayin and Huazhou District in Weinan City, Shaanxi Province in the north. It is between longitude 108o 3420 "- 111o 1x 25" east and latitude 33o 230m-34o 24040 "north. It is about 229km from east to west and 138km from north to south, with a total area of 19292 square kilometers, accounting for 9.36 per cent of the total area of Shaanxi Province. Shangluo got its name from Shangshan and Luoshui in the territory, which began in the Han Dynasty and refers to Shangfu.
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