• Baltimore
  • Shaya

Baltimore (/ˈbɔːltɪmɔːr/ BAWL-tim-or, locally: /bɔːldəˈmɔːr/ bawl-da-MOR or /ˈbɔːlmər/ BAWL-mər) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland, fourth most populous city in the Mid-Atlantic, and the 30th most populous city in the United States with a population of 585,708 in 2020. Baltimore was designated an independent city by the Constitution of Maryland[a] in 1851, and today is the most populous independent city in the United States. As of 2021, the population of the Baltimore metropolitan area was estimated to be 2,838,327, making it the 20th largest metropolitan area in the country. Baltimore is located about 40 miles (64 km) north northeast of Washington, D.C., making it a principal city in the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area (CSA), the third-largest CSA in the nation, with a 2021 estimated population of 9,946,526.

Prior to European colonization, the Baltimore region was used as hunting grounds by the Susquehannock Native Americans, who were primarily settled further northwest than where the city was later built. Colonists from the Province of Maryland established the Port of Baltimore in 1706 to support the tobacco trade with Europe, and established the Town of Baltimore in 1729. The first printing press and newspapers were introduced to Baltimore by Nicholas Hasselbach and William Goddard respectively, in the mid-18th century.

The Battle of Baltimore was a pivotal engagement during the War of 1812, culminating in the failed British bombardment of Fort McHenry, during which Francis Scott Key wrote a poem that would become "The Star-Spangled Banner", which was eventually designated as the American national anthem in 1931. During the Pratt Street Riot of 1861, the city was the site of some of the earliest violence associated with the American Civil War.

Shaya is the transliteration of "Shayar" in Uygur language. Sha means "tribal chief"; Yar means "compassion", that is, "the leader caresses his subordinates". Shaya is located in the south-east of Aksu area, Xinjiang, China, the north of Tarim Basin, the southern end of Weigan River oasis plain, the Tianshan Mountains in the north and the desert in the south. It is an important passage of the ancient Silk Road and an important part of the ancient Qiuci country. Shaya County has a total area of 32000 square kilometers and a total population of 260000 (2012). There are 22 ethnic groups, including Uygur, Han and Russian, of which 86% are Uygur, which is a multi-ethnic county. Shaya County has jurisdiction over 5 towns and 5 townships, 3 farms, a management committee and a farm run by departments and bureaus under the jurisdiction of the autonomous region (Shaya Prison). The region can be roughly divided into three parts, namely the Weigan River alluvial fan plain.
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