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Fresno (/ˈfrɛznoʊ/) is a major city in the San Joaquin Valley of California, United States. It is the county seat of Fresno County and the largest city in the greater Central Valley region. It covers about 115 square miles (300 km2) and had a population of 542,107 in 2020, making it the fifth-most populous city in California, the most populous inland city in California, and the 34th-most populous city in the nation. The Metro population of Fresno is 1,008,654 as of 2022.

Named for the abundant ash trees lining the San Joaquin River, Fresno was founded in 1872 as a railway station of the Central Pacific Railroad before it was incorporated in 1885. It has since become an economic hub of Fresno County and the San Joaquin Valley, with much of the surrounding areas in the Metropolitan Fresno region predominantly tied to large-scale agricultural production. Fresno is near the geographic center of California, approximately 220 miles (350 km) north of Los Angeles, 170 miles (270 km) south of the state capital, Sacramento, and 185 miles (300 km) southeast of San Francisco. Yosemite National Park is about 60 miles (100 km) to the north, Kings Canyon National Park 60 miles (100 km) to the east, and Sequoia National Park 75 miles (120 km) to the southeast.

Fresno is also the third-largest majority-Hispanic city in the United States; 50.5% of its population was Hispanic in 2020. Since 2010, statewide droughts in California have further strained both Fresno's and the entire Central Valley's water security.

Jiuquan, a prefecture-level city of Gansu Province, is located between Altun Mountain, Qilian Mountain and Mazong Mountain at the western end of Hexi Corridor in the northwest of Gansu Province, between latitude 38 °09 "42 °48" north and longitude 92 °20 "100 °20'E. it has been the traffic fortress of the Central Plains and the northeast leading to Xinjiang and the western region since ancient times. In the north, except for a small part of Mongolia, most of it is connected with Alashan League in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region to the west. The southern boundary of Qinghai Haixi Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture and Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is adjacent to Zhangye City in the east, with a total area of 192000 square kilometers, accounting for 42% of the area of Gansu Province. Jiuquan is one of the four counties in Hexi in the Han Dynasty and an important town of the Silk Road. The terrain is high in the south and low in the north, tilting from southwest to northeast, Qilian main peak from east to west, Gaolai Mountain,
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