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Fresno (/ˈfrɛznoʊ/) is a major city in the San Joaquin Valley of California, United States. It is the county seat of Fresno County and the largest city in the greater Central Valley region. It covers about 115 square miles (300 km2) and had a population of 542,107 in 2020, making it the fifth-most populous city in California, the most populous inland city in California, and the 34th-most populous city in the nation. The Metro population of Fresno is 1,008,654 as of 2022.

Named for the abundant ash trees lining the San Joaquin River, Fresno was founded in 1872 as a railway station of the Central Pacific Railroad before it was incorporated in 1885. It has since become an economic hub of Fresno County and the San Joaquin Valley, with much of the surrounding areas in the Metropolitan Fresno region predominantly tied to large-scale agricultural production. Fresno is near the geographic center of California, approximately 220 miles (350 km) north of Los Angeles, 170 miles (270 km) south of the state capital, Sacramento, and 185 miles (300 km) southeast of San Francisco. Yosemite National Park is about 60 miles (100 km) to the north, Kings Canyon National Park 60 miles (100 km) to the east, and Sequoia National Park 75 miles (120 km) to the southeast.

Fresno is also the third-largest majority-Hispanic city in the United States; 50.5% of its population was Hispanic in 2020. Since 2010, statewide droughts in California have further strained both Fresno's and the entire Central Valley's water security.

Tongde County is located in the southeast of Qinghai Province, at the junction of Hainan, Huangnan and Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, and belongs to the people's Government of Hainan Prefecture. The Xijiu Highway, the provincial highway, runs through the whole territory from north to south, and the Yellow River surrounds the county in a half-ring from east to west. The county seat is located 3060 meters above sea level, 256km away from the state capital Chabqa town and 282km away from the provincial capital Xining, with a resident population of about 9000. The climate is typical plateau continental climate, the highest elevation in the county is 4671 meters, the lowest elevation is 2648 meters, the average elevation is 3660 meters, the average annual temperature is 0.4 ℃-0.6 ℃, the average annual precipitation is 440mm, and there is no absolute frost-free period. The county has a total area of 4758 square kilometers and has jurisdiction over 73 administrative villages in 2 towns and 3 townships. In 2009, the total population was 61000.
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