• Fresno
  • Kaifeng

Fresno (/ˈfrɛznoʊ/) is a major city in the San Joaquin Valley of California, United States. It is the county seat of Fresno County and the largest city in the greater Central Valley region. It covers about 115 square miles (300 km2) and had a population of 542,107 in 2020, making it the fifth-most populous city in California, the most populous inland city in California, and the 34th-most populous city in the nation. The Metro population of Fresno is 1,008,654 as of 2022.

Named for the abundant ash trees lining the San Joaquin River, Fresno was founded in 1872 as a railway station of the Central Pacific Railroad before it was incorporated in 1885. It has since become an economic hub of Fresno County and the San Joaquin Valley, with much of the surrounding areas in the Metropolitan Fresno region predominantly tied to large-scale agricultural production. Fresno is near the geographic center of California, approximately 220 miles (350 km) north of Los Angeles, 170 miles (270 km) south of the state capital, Sacramento, and 185 miles (300 km) southeast of San Francisco. Yosemite National Park is about 60 miles (100 km) to the north, Kings Canyon National Park 60 miles (100 km) to the east, and Sequoia National Park 75 miles (120 km) to the southeast.

Fresno is also the third-largest majority-Hispanic city in the United States; 50.5% of its population was Hispanic in 2020. Since 2010, statewide droughts in California have further strained both Fresno's and the entire Central Valley's water security.

Kaifeng, known as Bianzhou and Bianliang in ancient times, is a prefecture-level city in Henan Province. It is a cultural tourism city approved by the State Council and one of the central cities in the core area of the Central Plains urban agglomeration. By 2018, the city had jurisdiction over five districts and four counties, with a total area of 6266 square kilometers, a built-up area of 129.93 square kilometers, a resident population of 4.5649 million, and an urban population of 2.23 million, with a urbanization rate of 48.9%. Kaifeng is located in the hinterland of the Central Plains, the shore of the Yellow River, adjacent to Zhengzhou in the west. Kaifeng Free Trade Zone is one of the three major free trade pilot zones in China (Henan). It is the first batch of famous national historical and cultural cities with a history of more than 4100 years, including Xia Dynasty, Wei State in the warring States period, Hou Liang, Hou Jin, Hou Han, Hou Zhou and Song Dynasty in the five dynasties.
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