• Fresno
  • Shangcai County

Fresno (/ˈfrɛznoʊ/) is a major city in the San Joaquin Valley of California, United States. It is the county seat of Fresno County and the largest city in the greater Central Valley region. It covers about 115 square miles (300 km2) and had a population of 542,107 in 2020, making it the fifth-most populous city in California, the most populous inland city in California, and the 34th-most populous city in the nation. The Metro population of Fresno is 1,008,654 as of 2022.

Named for the abundant ash trees lining the San Joaquin River, Fresno was founded in 1872 as a railway station of the Central Pacific Railroad before it was incorporated in 1885. It has since become an economic hub of Fresno County and the San Joaquin Valley, with much of the surrounding areas in the Metropolitan Fresno region predominantly tied to large-scale agricultural production. Fresno is near the geographic center of California, approximately 220 miles (350 km) north of Los Angeles, 170 miles (270 km) south of the state capital, Sacramento, and 185 miles (300 km) southeast of San Francisco. Yosemite National Park is about 60 miles (100 km) to the north, Kings Canyon National Park 60 miles (100 km) to the east, and Sequoia National Park 75 miles (120 km) to the southeast.

Fresno is also the third-largest majority-Hispanic city in the United States; 50.5% of its population was Hispanic in 2020. Since 2010, statewide droughts in California have further strained both Fresno's and the entire Central Valley's water security.

Shangcai County is located in the southeast of Henan Province, belonging to Zhumadian City, 60 kilometers from east to west, with a total area of 1529 square kilometers and a total population of about 1.084 million (2010) is a plain agricultural county. Shangcai County is the seat of Ancient Cai State, the hometown of Li Si of Qin Xiang and Zhai Fangjin of Han Xiang, the ancestral land of Cai at home and abroad, and the birthplace of "Chongyang Culture". The eight scenic spots of Gucai have been listed as places of interest and historic sites under national protection. It was designated as the Historical and Cultural Landscape Tourism Development Zone in 1995. On January 25, 2019, he was selected as the national "Ping an Agricultural Machinery" demonstration county in 2018. In November 2019, it was selected into the second batch of counties (districts) for the construction of a water-saving society.
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