• Fresno
  • Shaya

Fresno (/ˈfrɛznoʊ/) is a major city in the San Joaquin Valley of California, United States. It is the county seat of Fresno County and the largest city in the greater Central Valley region. It covers about 115 square miles (300 km2) and had a population of 542,107 in 2020, making it the fifth-most populous city in California, the most populous inland city in California, and the 34th-most populous city in the nation. The Metro population of Fresno is 1,008,654 as of 2022.

Named for the abundant ash trees lining the San Joaquin River, Fresno was founded in 1872 as a railway station of the Central Pacific Railroad before it was incorporated in 1885. It has since become an economic hub of Fresno County and the San Joaquin Valley, with much of the surrounding areas in the Metropolitan Fresno region predominantly tied to large-scale agricultural production. Fresno is near the geographic center of California, approximately 220 miles (350 km) north of Los Angeles, 170 miles (270 km) south of the state capital, Sacramento, and 185 miles (300 km) southeast of San Francisco. Yosemite National Park is about 60 miles (100 km) to the north, Kings Canyon National Park 60 miles (100 km) to the east, and Sequoia National Park 75 miles (120 km) to the southeast.

Fresno is also the third-largest majority-Hispanic city in the United States; 50.5% of its population was Hispanic in 2020. Since 2010, statewide droughts in California have further strained both Fresno's and the entire Central Valley's water security.

Shaya is the transliteration of "Shayar" in Uygur language. Sha means "tribal chief"; Yar means "compassion", that is, "the leader caresses his subordinates". Shaya is located in the south-east of Aksu area, Xinjiang, China, the north of Tarim Basin, the southern end of Weigan River oasis plain, the Tianshan Mountains in the north and the desert in the south. It is an important passage of the ancient Silk Road and an important part of the ancient Qiuci country. Shaya County has a total area of 32000 square kilometers and a total population of 260000 (2012). There are 22 ethnic groups, including Uygur, Han and Russian, of which 86% are Uygur, which is a multi-ethnic county. Shaya County has jurisdiction over 5 towns and 5 townships, 3 farms, a management committee and a farm run by departments and bureaus under the jurisdiction of the autonomous region (Shaya Prison). The region can be roughly divided into three parts, namely the Weigan River alluvial fan plain.
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