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Fresno (/ˈfrɛznoʊ/) is a major city in the San Joaquin Valley of California, United States. It is the county seat of Fresno County and the largest city in the greater Central Valley region. It covers about 115 square miles (300 km2) and had a population of 542,107 in 2020, making it the fifth-most populous city in California, the most populous inland city in California, and the 34th-most populous city in the nation. The Metro population of Fresno is 1,008,654 as of 2022.

Named for the abundant ash trees lining the San Joaquin River, Fresno was founded in 1872 as a railway station of the Central Pacific Railroad before it was incorporated in 1885. It has since become an economic hub of Fresno County and the San Joaquin Valley, with much of the surrounding areas in the Metropolitan Fresno region predominantly tied to large-scale agricultural production. Fresno is near the geographic center of California, approximately 220 miles (350 km) north of Los Angeles, 170 miles (270 km) south of the state capital, Sacramento, and 185 miles (300 km) southeast of San Francisco. Yosemite National Park is about 60 miles (100 km) to the north, Kings Canyon National Park 60 miles (100 km) to the east, and Sequoia National Park 75 miles (120 km) to the southeast.

Fresno is also the third-largest majority-Hispanic city in the United States; 50.5% of its population was Hispanic in 2020. Since 2010, statewide droughts in California have further strained both Fresno's and the entire Central Valley's water security.

Yongcheng, Shangqiu City, Henan Province, escrow county-level city, Yongcheng is located in the easternmost part of Henan Province, located in the junction of Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, known as "the gateway to the east of Henan". Yongcheng has a total area of 2020 square kilometers and a cultivated land area of 1.8 million mu. As of 2018, Yongcheng has jurisdiction over 25 towns and 4 townships, and the municipal government is located in the north of people's Square in the middle of Dongfang Avenue. By the end of 2018, Yongcheng had a total population of 1.576 million and a resident population of 1.2388 million. Yongcheng gets its name because the city has been repeatedly beaten by water, which means "the city of eternity". During the Anti-Japanese War, it was the seat of the provincial party committee of the Henan-Anhui-Soviet Border region of the Communist Party of China during the Anti-Japanese War. In 1996, it was withdrawn from the county and set up a county-level city. In 2014, it became a river.
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