• Sacramento
  • Hotan County

Sacramento (/ˌsækrəˈmɛntoʊ/ SAK-rə-MEN-toh; Spanish: [sakɾaˈmento], Spanish for ''sacrament'') is the capital city of the U.S. state of California and the seat and largest city of Sacramento County. Located at the confluence of the Sacramento and American River in Northern California's Sacramento Valley, Sacramento's 2020 population of 524,943 makes it the sixth-largest city in California and the ninth-largest capital in the United States. Sacramento is the seat of the California Legislature and the Governor of California, making it the state's political center and a hub for lobbying and think tanks. It features the California State Capitol Museum.

Sacramento is also the cultural and economic core of the Greater Sacramento area, which at the 2020 census had a population of 2,680,831, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in California.

Before the arrival of the Spanish, the area was inhabited by the historic Nisenan, Maidu, and other indigenous peoples of California. Spanish cavalryman Gabriel Moraga surveyed and named the Río del Santísimo Sacramento (Sacramento River) in 1808, after the Blessed Sacrament. In 1839, Juan Bautista Alvarado, Mexican governor of Alta California, granted the responsibility of colonizing the Sacramento Valley to Swiss-born Mexican citizen John Augustus Sutter, who subsequently established Sutter's Fort and the settlement at the Rancho Nueva Helvetia. Following the American Conquest of California and the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, the waterfront developed by Sutter began to be developed, and incorporated in 1850 as the City of Sacramento.

Hotan County (in Uyghur language: Hotan County, formerly known as "Hetian", but changed its name to "Hotan" in 1959) once called Huodan, Wuduan and Huochan, all of which are different translations of the same name. It is said that it originated from Yutian and was famous in ancient Yuchi in Hetian. First, it is spoken in Tibetan, meaning "Yuyi". It means "fence", "livestock pen", or "bunker" in Hindi. The Chronicles of the Western regions of the Tang Dynasty is called qu Sadana, which means "milk" in Sanskrit. In 1959, Hetian was simplified to Hotan. Hotan County is located in the southwest of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, adjacent to the Yulong Kashgar River and Luopu County to the east, the Karakash River to the west and Moyu County and Pishan County to the west, the actual line of control of Kashmir in India to the southwest, the Tibet Autonomous region to the southeast, and the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert to the north to Awa.
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